Governments increasingly use artificial intelligence to decide who receives welfare support. Some of these systems go beyond simple statistics: they use ontologies and knowledge graphs, structures that encode the meaning of legal terms such as “household,” “dependent,” “disability,” and “fraud risk.” This article calls this...
Artificial intelligence is no longer simply helping governments deliver digital services. It is increasingly influencing how governments make decisions, allocate resources, manage risks, and interact with citizens. This research examines this shift through three of the world's most digitally advanced states: Estonia, Singapore, and the...